php - How can i implement escapeshellarg inside a URL?

Solution:

What's happening is that you are currently trying to run a function inside of a string. This is possible with extra steps, but is not desirable.

What you want to do is concatenate the string with the output of the function. You can inline that in this manner:

exec('cat /opt/application/userdata/' . escapeshellarg($username) . '/following | grep -w ' . escapeshellarg($name))
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^{(noticed I used single quotes ['], as no expansion is happening within the string, this is somewhat faster and keeps it separate)}

Or you can perform the operation earlier, and simply include ("expand") the variables in the string, like your first example hints at:

$username = escapeshellarg($username);
$name = escapeshellarg($name);
exec("cat /opt/application/userdata/$username/following | grep -w $name")
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^{(noticed I used double quotes ["] as there is expansion happening within the string)}

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